Criminalización regulatoria del juego ilegal en Kazajistán: evolución de la prohibición penal y estadísticas de aplicación de la ley (2011-2025)

Autores/as

  • Zhanna Khamzina Zhetysu University named after I. Zhansugurov
  • Yermek Buribayev Zhetysu University named after I. Zhansugurov

Palabras clave:

egocio ilegal de juegos de azar, criminalización regulatoria, zonas de juego, régimen de licencias, ludomanía, estadísticas de cumplimiento

Resumen

Este artículo examina la evolución de la prohibición penal de Kazajistán de organizar un negocio ilegal de juegos de azar junto con el modelo de legalización territorialmente zonificado y basado en licencias introducido por la Ley de 2007 sobre el Negocio del Juego. Combinando el análisis doctrinal de los artículos 269-1 (2011) y 307 (2015) del Código Penal con un análisis secundario de las estadísticas nacionales agregadas de aplicación (Registro Unificado de Investigaciones Previas al Juicio (ERDR); Formulario No. 1-M) para 2012-2025 y la triangulación con las estadísticas de los tribunales de primera instancia, rastreamos los cambios en la intensidad y selectividad del control de la ley penal. Los registros se mantuvieron altos durante 2012-2019 y disminuyeron en 2020-2021. En 2022-2023, los registros del Formulario No. 1-M colapsaron a casi cero mientras que las finalizaciones y las remisiones a los tribunales persistieron, lo que indica una ruptura en la observabilidad y comparabilidad del contorno de registro en lugar de la desaparición de la aplicación. Los registros se reanudan parcialmente en 2024-2025 a un nivel sustancialmente menor. Interpretada a través del concepto de criminalización regulatoria, la prohibición funciona principalmente para proteger el perímetro espacial y de licencias del mercado legal; los objetivos de combatir la ludopatía y salvaguardar los intereses inmobiliarios se persiguen solo indirectamente. El artículo propone una diferenciación más clara entre las respuestas penales y administrativas, un fortalecimiento de la supervisión de las licencias y la infraestructura de pago, y una política integral de prevención y tratamiento. Metodológicamente, propone un diagnóstico de doble contorno que compara las series de reg

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Publicado

30-03-2026

Cómo citar

“Criminalización regulatoria del juego ilegal en Kazajistán: evolución de la prohibición penal y estadísticas de aplicación de la ley (2011-2025)” (2026) Cadernos de Dereito Actual, (31), pp. 111–131. Available at: https://cadernosdedereitoactual.es/index.php/cadernos/article/view/1461 (Accessed: 30 March 2026).