O Estado de Direito como princípio de proteção dos direitos civis violados
Palavras-chave:
Estado de direito, direitos civis, legalidade, segurança jurídica, acesso à justiça, independência do poder judicial, proibição da arbitrariedadeResumo
Este documento analisa a coerência doutrinal e identifica discrepâncias processuais na concretização dos elementos-chave do Estado de direito, tais como a segurança jurídica, o acesso à justiça, a independência judicial e a proteção contra interferências arbitrárias. As conclusões do estudo revelam que as instituições judiciais supranacionais defendem sistematicamente as garantias processuais e fornecem mecanismos eficazes de proteção jurídica. Simultaneamente, os tribunais nacionais da Ucrânia apresentam uma aplicação fragmentada das normas europeias, nomeadamente nos domínios da aplicação da lei, da fundamentação das decisões judiciais e da interpretação constitucional. Nomeadamente, algumas decisões do Supremo Tribunal e do Tribunal Constitucional da Ucrânia sugerem um alinhamento gradual com as metodologias da CEDH e do TJUE. Através de dados empíricos e de uma análise inter-jurisdicional, o artigo enriquece a compreensão do Estado de direito como um ideal normativo e um instrumento para a salvaguarda judicial dos direitos civis. A novidade científica deste estudo reside numa avaliação abrangente da implementação do Estado de direito através da lente dos seus componentes operacionais, tal como articulados pela Comissão de Veneza, seguida da sua aplicação a casos judiciais específicos no domínio da proteção dos direitos civis.
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