State responsibility and victim protection: an evaluation of non-judicial measures for human rights violations in Indonesia
Keywords:
Victim Protection; Human Rights Violations; Legal Policy; Non-Judicial; Restorative JusticeAbstract
This study examines the safeguarding of victims of serious human rights violations in Indonesia, with an emphasis on legal philosophy, policy frameworks, and the challenges encountered in implementation, including non-judicial methods. Indonesia has experienced a variety of significant human rights violations shaped by the dynamics of political violence and social instability. The existing legal framework designed to protect victims, including the Human Rights Court and the National Commission on Human Rights, faces significant challenges in implementation. These challenges arise from inconsistencies between national policies and their execution in the field, overlapping authority among various institutions, and insufficient oversight mechanisms. This research identifies notable challenges in non-judicial resolution, particularly the limitations faced by the non-judicial resolution team created under Presidential Decree No. 17 of 2022 in delivering effective redress for victims. Additional concerns encompass the collection of inaccurate data, disparities in the distribution of assistance, and insufficient coordination between governmental bodies and civil society organizations. The study suggests a distinct delineation between executive and oversight entities and advocates for more structured data gathering. It emphasizes the importance of civil society in the monitoring and execution of policies. A coordinated and equitable strategy that emphasizes restorative justice and enhances non-judicial mechanisms is essential for improving the protection of victims.
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