Limits of human rights restrictions in criminal proceedings under martial law in Ukraine
Keywords:
Human Rights and Freedoms, Martial Law, Private Life, Detention, Limitations of Rights and Freedoms, Balance of Interests, Armed ConflictAbstract
This article studies the impact of martial law on human rights and freedoms in criminal trials in Ukraine, focusing on the balance between national security and individual rights. The establishment of martial law in 2022 stipulated significant amendments to the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, altering pre-trial investigations, detention procedures, and judicial oversight. These changes, including restrictions on defence rights, extended detention periods, and increased prosecutorial powers, raise concerns regarding their compatibility with constitutional principles and human rights standards. Using a comparative legal methodology, the authors analyse Ukrainian legislation alongside international legal frameworks and case law from the ECtHR. The article highlights discrepancies between the newly implemented restrictions and the principles of legality, proportionality, and necessity in a democratic society. While some measures are justified for maintaining public order, others risk undermining fundamental rights, particularly due to the lack of judicial oversight and the potential for abuse. The findings indicate that while emergency legal regimes require temporary limitations on rights, democratic societies must ensure such measures remain transparent, proportionate, and subject to judicial review. The study concludes that Ukraine must introduce stronger safeguards against the misuse of emergency powers, ensure compliance with constitutional and international norms, and establish mechanisms for effective legal recourse. Strengthening judicial oversight and maintaining the rule of law is essential to prevent arbitrary restrictions and uphold human dignity.
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